Wednesday, 19 June 2013

Competing for a place in Higher Education in South Africa

Competition for places in many universities and universities of technology in South Africa has become commonplace.  I remain fairly surprised at just how little is understood about this well established and recurring phenomenon.  I write this not to alarm school students, but to raise awareness of the competition factor, and some related realities in the South African context.  So, let’s get started.

While listening to the radio in my hired car in Durban earlier this year, I enjoyed and interview with a senior official from the Durban University of Technology.  He explained, in some detail, the challenges that DUT faced with respect to applicant numbers, and the extent to which they exceeded available places.  I enjoyed his responses, because they illustrated just how helpless his institution was in the face of growing numbers of qualifying applicants versus its limited capacity.  The same reality faces several other institutions nationwide.  This, then, is the one dimension of competition: sheer growth in numbers who want to be admitted, as opposed to the limited, static number of available places.

However, in order to fully grasp the competition for places, one has to understand another phenomenon which has manifested itself in the National Senior Certificate, commonly referred to as ‘grade creep’.  Grade creep is not new, and not limited to South Africa.  It refers to the extent to which examination candidates achieve higher and higher results.  Therefore, it is far more common in 2013 for NSC candidates to achieve 7 scores above 80% in their final examinations than it was several years ago.  I am reminded of a conversation I had with a guidance counsellor at a northern suburbs school in Cape Town over ten years ago.  She shared with me that the staff at her school expected 7-8 ‘A’ aggregate passes, and more than 20 grade 12s reached that achievement that year!  That is the effect of grade creep.

The combined effects of the increased numbers of would-be students, combined with grade creep, create other challenges for institutions.  They need to be able to discriminate between applicants who appear to be very similar in terms of their performance at school.  One way to do this is to introduce other measures of performance, such as the National Benchmark Tests.  One of the benefits of using a different measure such as the NBTs, is that applicants who appear to be performing at the same level in school examinations, will, using a different assessment tool, be separated, so that the stronger applicants may be identified.

Another concern for institutions is to ensure that their incoming classes are representative of the population.  This is not particular to South Africa.  Institutions in countries around the world, including the United States of America, Australia and France, to name a few, have had to introduce measures to produce more representative classes.  In such cases, affirmative measures exist to make institutions accessible to minority groups.  In South Africa, affirmative action has a different role: to make institutions accessible for the majority of the population.  I will not go into the reasons for this huge task here, except to say that one of the manifestations of this need is, after even 20 years, a most unequal school system. 

So, back to competing for a place.  My earlier comment, that I did not understand the confusion I continue to witness among the public, points to the reason why you should raise your awareness about the competition factor.  While you may be among the top achievers at your school, the reality is that, relative to other applicants for a place in the same programme, at the same institution, you are not as strong as them. 


Understanding competition means that you will better prepare to compete for a place in higher education.  You will not look at your own performance, as many school students do, and be content that you are doing okay, and that admission to higher education is a formality.  You may even be motivated to work much harder, and do your best in the final examinations.

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